BackgroundDisorders in different levels of body representation are present in hemiplegic cerebral palsy. However, it remains unclear whether the body image develops from aspects of body schema and body structural description, and how this occurs in children with HCP.Objective and methodsIn a cross-sectional study, we investigated 53 children with HCP and 204 typically developing control children to qualitatively evaluate whether and how body schema and body structural description affect the development of children’s body image and whether this development is delayed (...) through HCP. Graph analysis was used to create a lexical-semantic map of body representation from data of a semantic word fluency task.ResultsResults indicated a similar qualitative pattern of influences of sensorimotor and visuospatial experiences on lexical-semantic knowledge of body parts, with a delayed developmental course in children with HCP compared to TD children.ConclusionThese findings suggest that children’s body image seemed to be influenced by body schema and body structural descriptions as indicated by poorer lexical-semantic knowledge of body parts in children with HCP due to missing physical experiences of the affected body parts. This might imply that “body talk” may beneficially complement physical therapy for children with HCP to promote body image development. (shrink)

Neste artigo propomos discutir as trajetórias e encruzilhadas de mulheres negras adeptas do catolicismo e do candomblé, a partir da análise subsidiada por epistemologias situadas no campo do Ativismo Negr@, tomando como referência o feminismo negro e decolonial e a teologia feminista católica, procurando captar as narrativas sobre corpo, sexualidade, etnia, raça e religiosidade, de onde emergem intersecções. Para fazermos esse diálogo, contamos com as trajetórias de duas mulheres negras sul baianas, residentes no município de Canavieiras, autodeclaradas negras, com idades (...) de 53 e 62 anos, sendo uma católica e outra candomblecista, respectivamente. As “trajetórias em narrativas” das duas colaboradoras da pesquisa nos revelaram encruzilhadas de pontos de vista sobre corpo e sexualidade, em que a religiosidade norteava a mobilização de diferentes conceitos e representações sobre o gênero. Nesse sentido, o corpo aparece narrado de diferentes formas, sobretudo como ferramenta para o acesso e a manutenção das práticas religiosas, que através da legitimação de elementos sacralizados permitem a efetivação e veiculação de crenças e valores que atravessam o campo da moralidade, afetando, assim, as percepções sobre os desejos e as práticas sexuais de mulheres negras. (shrink)

A violência contra a mulher é considerada mundialmente como um problema de saúde pública e a América Latina tem sido apontada como a região de maior incidência deste tipo de violação. Esta revisão sistemática objetivou investigar a produção científica latino-americana sobre serviços de atendimento à mulher vítima de violência que incluam psicólogos em suas equipes. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, e Portal Capes, com os descritores “violência contra a mulher”, “violência doméstica contra a mulher”, “psicologia”, “psicología”, (...) “violencia contra las mujeres”, “violencia doméstica contra la mujer”. Considerou-se apenas artigos publicados na América Latina, nos idiomas português e espanhol, durante os últimos 5 anos. No total, 10 estudos foram analisados na íntegra. Esta revisão permitiu constatar que ainda há lacunas na rede de atendimento, que dizem respeito não apenas à atuação do psicólogo, mas também às diferentes áreas que compõem as redes de acolhimento à mulher. (shrink)

"Como pensar hoje na escrita da história? Como enfrentar a página em branco que não se apresenta como um espaço neutro, mas um espaço onde quem escreve - o historiador - deixa rastros do passado e também os seus próprios rastros? Essas são algumas das questões colocadas pelos ensaios que compõem "Arte e pensamento: operações historiográficas". Num primeiro momento, são fornecidos o ritmo, o tom e os compassos por meio de discussões e reflexões sobre uma teoria da experiência para a (...) escrita da história, sobre a historicidade do artístico, sobre o inespecífico do contemporâneo, sobre o pensamento na fronteira, sobre a nomeação dos anônimos em Machado de Assis. A partir dessas harmonizações dissonantes e consoantes, iniciam-se 3 operações que delineiam o segundo momento do livro, cuja intenção maior é fazer operar a escrita da história na imbricada conjunção história-arte-pensamento."--Contratapa. (shrink)

Leo Strauss defende o resgate do direito natural em sua obra Droit Naturel et Histoire . Entretanto, a defesa do direito natural implica o combate de algumas formas de pensamento já arraigadas na sociedade hodierna como: o historicismo e o positivismo. Além delas, Strauss também diverge do pensamento que defende a neutralidade da concepção de valores. O objetivo do presente trabalho é traçar algumas considerações sobre o direito natural no pensamento de Leo Strauss, tendo como principal fonte teórica a obra (...) já mencionada. Tratarei, primeiramente, da caracterização do direito natural. Após, analisarei a crítica dos opositores desse conceito. E, por fim, tratarei do significado do direito natural na atualidade. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:A few years ago the esteemed Franciscan scholar David Flood argued that when early Franciscans used the term subditi in early texts to describe their work relationships, they "imagined a new way of working" and "gave work a new definition." To them labor was "a social act;" it was for others as well as self; it offered "the possibility of being a complete person," and "the possibility of a (...) human order marked by abundance and justice." It was refreshing to see a neglected subject receive proper scrutiny, and his conclusion, that the first Franciscans had "a particular idea of labor: a way of extending others recognition, proposing solidarity, and contributing more to production that they took from it," is a most welcome addition to Franciscan history. I agree wholeheartedly with the core of Flood's conclusion but believe it needs to be qualified. My primary intention here is offer the needed correction by placing Franciscan work theology in its larger historical context. Once monastic theology prior to Francis is documented I conclude that while early Franciscans did present society with a varieties of possibilities, these were not, as Flood maintains, either new or unique. Their ideas about work were but a continuation of a theology of work first articulated by Peter Damian and fellow reformers. After this main task is completed I offer some further speculation about the role Franciscan behavior and attitude toward work played in the anti-Franciscan criticism of the Late Middle Ages. I suggest that the Franciscan failure to keep abreast with society's expectations regarding work was in part responsible for that criticism.Christian attitudes toward labor are rooted in the Old Testament. Genesis establishes work as an activity proper to God and prelapsarian humanity. In the presence of sin labor becomes difficult and punitive, but continues to be simultaneously redemptive . Jesus "the Carpenter" says little directly about work, but the canonical authors do. Work has intrinsic value and is necessary for self-survival and the community . It is the basis for social justice and salvation . Early Christian literature deals with work in a similar manner. It is infrequently discussed, but when it is mentioned it is given due respect. Tertullian and Origen hint at a theology of work, but one has to wait for monasticism to see work theology become substantive. The Desert Fathers and Mothers and the rules of Pachomius, Basil, Augustine, Macarius, Four Fathers, Caesarius of Arles, the Master, and Benedict all discuss the spiritual necessity of work and mandate its inclusion in the daily life of monastics. During the first millennium Western society was more concerned with working than with thinking about work, but by the eleventh century conditions were more conducive to reflection. Peter Damian recognized the opportunity and responded creatively. Within his voluminous writings is the first sophisticated Christian reflection on the concept of work. It is, we shall see, the foundation for future theologies, including Francis's.Born in Ravenna in 1007 Peter Damian was educated in the liberal arts at Faenza, Parma, and probably Ravenna. Upon completion of his studies he enjoyed immediate success as a teacher, but he retired soon and entered Romuald of Ravenna's Camoldolesian monastery at Fonte Avellana ca.1034. Instead of ending his intellectual career the move actually propelled him into the limelight. By his death in 1072 Damian was a leading intellectual force throughout the West. He was also revered as a pioneering leader of the religious renewal and reform movement of the High Middle Ages. His influence was vast, a fact fully appreciated by Dante and the reason why he chose Damian as his ideal man. Although today Damian's creativity and originality is often overlooked it is hard to ignore these traits in his work theology. The theology is not, however, systematically.. (shrink)

Las opiniones de Denis Diderot y Edmund Burke sobre lo bello ejemplifican la disputa por la subjetividad que tuvo lugar durante el siglo XVIII en Europa, cuando el advenimiento de la estética determinó la separación definitiva de los parientes semánticos bello y bueno. Sus investigaciones filosóficas sobre la belleza presentan algunos planteamientos en común que serán expuestos brevemente. Resalta además la diferencia entre la postura clásica de un revolucionario como Diderot, y el carácter especulativo de las ideas estéticas de (...) un conservador como Burke, las cuales, según algunos estudiosos, le han dado un reconocimiento aun mayor que sus concienzudos y acertados planteamientos políticos. (shrink)

O notável lugar de destaque e o papel central das mulheres nas sociedades africanas pré-coloniais tem sido inferiorizado em empreendimentos coloniais de devastação dos modos de ser africano, com desdobramentos particulares sobre as mulheres em função da instrusão da hierarquia de gênero e da consequente generificação do trabalho. A descaracterização e criminalização das organizações socioeconômicas autóctones, matrifocalizadas, expressa-se pela nomenclatura de “economias informais”. À vista disso, o presente artigo teórico-empírico tem como objetivo articular como a categoria “matriarcado” se aplica à (...) lógica de organização socioeconômica reinventada na contemporaneidade, produzindo autonomia e independência de mulheres. Iniciamos com o embate ontológico e epistemológico que incita a resiliência das estruturas familiares e econômicas matriarcais nas Améfricas. Em seguida, na etapa empírica, constatamos as manifestações da matrifocalidade partir de relatos de lideranças de organizações econômicas e religiosas de matriz africana. Tais tecnologias econômicas matricentradas representam fonte de geração de vida individual e coletiva e – sobretudo – a capacidade de reinvenção dos princípios do matriarcado nas Améfricas contemporâneas. (shrink)

Normal 0 21 false false false ES-CO X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} One of the central themes of political philosophy is Bobbian democracy. In consequence there are many approaches to the philosopher Turin along its vast bibliography. In this article it would not be possible to make more (...) than a brief tour on this extensive topic which deals with Bobbio. Our proposal is the focus on some of the aspects that can bring us closer to the nucleus of Bobbian thought about democracy and its vicissitudes, which itself would justify an completely autonomous line of investigation. In these lines I shall do more exact those dimensions which deal with the concept of democracy in Bobbio. Then, the objective is linking this concept with the sense and importance enjoyed in the concept of political participation in the context of his political work, in which the concept of activae civitatis is of an outstanding position. (shrink)

La comunicación de la verdad ética pasa históricamente por modelos, pero sus propuestas se discuten cuando no favorecen la belleza ética en la persona.El estudio refleja un análisis a modelos éticos en la cultura, para proponer la importancia de enfocar la educación ética valorando los paradigmas de una ética integradora y practica en un currículo global.Se infiere por el relativismo, una dialéctica que permanece sobre las certezas éticas; sobre lo justo, lo bueno, lo verdadero; sobre lo legal y lo (...) ético; para continuar divulgándose un discurso ético no de tipo vinculante, sin despertar pasión por la verdad. (shrink)

Abstract: Susana Nuccetelli discusses critically my account of Moore's Proof of the External World. Noah Lemos takes up my views on skepticism and my distinction between animal knowledge and reflective knowledge. Otávio Bueno focuses on my treatment of dream skepticism. In this article I offer replies to my three critics.

Abstract:During recent years, the principle and practice of employment-at-will have been under attack. While progress has been made in eroding the practice, the principle still governs the philosophical assumptions underlying employment practices in the United States, and, indeed, EAW has been promulgated as one of the ways to address economic ills in other countries. This paper will briefly review the major critiques of EAW. Given the failure of these arguments to erode the underpinnings of EAW, we shall suggest new avenues (...) for approaching employment issues to achieve the desirable goal of employee dignity and respect. (shrink)

This article presents a response to Richard Rorty's paper "Is Philosophy Relevant to Business Ethics?" The author questions Rorty's views on the depreciation of the role of philosophy in applied ethics, and outlines four reasons why philosophy retains its relevance. The author addresses the role of moral reasoning in the development of the moral imagination. The author also concludes that humans have the means necessary to make moral progress and are capable of moral reasoning, and need only to develop a (...) strong moral imagination. (shrink)

Este artigo visa analisar de que modo as questões pertinentes à situação do Paraguai do Pós-Guerra da Tríplice Aliança serviram de instrumento de luta político-partidária entre nacionalistas e autonomistas durante a campanha presidencial argentina de 1873 e 1874. Para isso, foram consultados alguns jornais de Buenos Aires, uma vez que eram os principais canalizadores dos debates públicos e difusores de representações. Da análise das fontes pode-se apontar que a facção autonomista fez daquele conflito, da ocupação do Paraguai e das (...) questões pendentes daquele evento uma das suas principais armas de combate em sua luta eleitoral contra o nacionalismo. (shrink)

This article provides a brief explanation of Robert Kane's indeterministic, event‐causal libertarian theory of freedom and responsibility. It is noted that a number of authors have criticized libertarian theories, such as Kane's, by presenting the problem of luck. After noting how Kane has tried to answer this problem in his recent writings, the author goes on to explain Ishtiyaque Haji's recent version of the luck argument. The author considers three possible Kanian replies to Haji's luck argument and argues that the (...) third reply can adequately answer the luck objection. It is also noted that the third reply requires making some significant alterations to Kane's theory that would also help him resolve certain problems with his views about responsibility for character. (shrink)

The World Health Organization has declared a world pandemic due to COVID-19. In response, most affected countries have enacted measures involving compulsory confinement and restrictions on free movement, which likely influence citizens' lifestyles. This study investigates changes in health risk behaviors with duration of confinement. An online cross-sectional survey served to collect data about the Spanish adult population regarding health behaviors during the first 3 weeks of confinement. A large sample of participants from all Spanish regions completed the survey. Binomial (...) logistic regressions adjusted for socioeconomic characteristics, body mass index, previous HRBs, and confinement context were conducted to investigate associations between the number of weeks confined and a set of six HRBs. When adjusted, we observed significantly lower odds of experiencing a higher number of HRBs than before confinement overall in a time-dependent fashion: OR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.49–0.81 for the second and OR 0.47; 95% CI: 0.36–0.61 for the third week of confinement. These results were equally consistent in all age and gender subgroup analyses. The present study indicates that changes toward a higher number of HRBs than before confinement, as well as the prevalence of each HRB except screen exposure, decreased during the first 3 weeks of COVID-19 confinement, and thus the Spanish adult population may have adapted to the new situational context by gradually improving their health behaviors. (shrink)

I distinguish between two theses, DPJ and DGP. DPJ asserts that one’s justification for accepting particular epistemic propositions positively depends on one’s being justified in believing general epistemic principles. DGP claims that one’s justification in believing general epistemic propositions positively depends on one’s being justified in believing particular epistemic propositions. I claim that methodism accepts DPJ and rejects DGP and particularism accepts DGP and rejects DPJ. I argue that we should reject DGP and methodism roughly because these views imply that (...) many of us do not know epistemic propositions that we do know. This point is made by Roderick Chisholm in The Problem of the Criterion and challenged by Robert Amico. I consider Chisholm’s arguments and Amico’s objections. Finally, I argue that even if we reject DPJ and methodism, we need not embrace particularism, since we could reject both DPJ and DGP. (shrink)

Introduction to the Institutional Logics Perspective -- Precursors to the Institutional Logics Perspective -- Defining the Inter-institutional System -- The Emergence, Stability and Change of the Inter-institutional System -- Micro-Foundations of Institutional Logics -- The Dynamics of Organizational Practices and Identities -- The Emergence and Evolution of Field-Level Logics -- Implications for Future Research.

The ways in which knowledge relates to power have been much discussed in radical education theory. New emphasis on the role of gender and the growing debate about subjectivity have deepened the discussion, while making it more complex. In Getting Smart , Patti Lather makes use of her unique integration of feminism and postmodernism into critical education theory to address some of the most vital questions facing education researchers and teachers.

O presente artigo tem como tema a relação entre a ética, a teoria estética e a filosofia da arte de Schopenhauer. Analisaremos essa questão buscando explicar os elementos envolvidos no processo de aproximação e comunicação entre esses âmbitos, examinando a discussão sobre o tema nos principais teóricos e obras do filósofo. Daremos os seguintes passos: em primeiro lugar, evidenciaremos o papel preponderante da ética dentro do sistema filosófico de Schopenhauer, mostrando que ela é uma importante referência para as demais questões (...) tratadas por ele, inclusive para a discussão estética; em segundo lugar, mostraremos que a postura metodológica do filósofo se reflete na importância conferida por ele às artes e nas singularidades de sua estética, que, por sua vez, facilita a aproximação entre filosofia da arte e ética; finalmente, demonstraremos a presença de algumas questões morais na estética schopenhaueriana, revelando que ela pode ser compreendida como uma preparação para a ética. (shrink)

Pelo menos desde o século XIX, a relação entre o pessimismo e a política tem suscitado o debate entre diversos filósofos, cujas leituras têm apontado para compreensões bastante opostas. Por um lado, há a leitura tradicional, que aproxima Schopenhauer, o fundador do pessimismo moderno, de uma concepção política conservadora, como é o caso das críticas feitas por Lukács. Por outro lado, há uma apropriação crítica, por parte de uma assim chamada “esquerda schopenhaueriana”, de aspectos desse pessimismo, como fazem Mainländer, Lütkehaus, (...) Horkheimer e a escola de Teoria Crítica. Neste artigo, buscamos analisar algumas categorias de pensamento político, social e econômico de Schopenhauer e as distintas leituras de sua filosofia. (shrink)

In Frege's Conception of Logic Patricia A. Blanchette explores the relationship between Gottlob Frege's understanding of conceptual analysis and his understanding of logic.

According to the semantic view, a theory is characterized by a class of models. In this paper, we examine critically some of the assumptions that underlie this approach. First, we recall that models are models of something. Thus we cannot leave completely aside the axiomatization of the theories under consideration, nor can we ignore the metamathematics used to elaborate these models, for changes in the metamathematics often impose restrictions on the resulting models. Second, based on a parallel between van Fraassen’s (...) modal interpretation of quantum mechanics and Skolem’s relativism regarding set-theoretic concepts, we introduce a distinction between relative and absolute concepts in the context of the models of a scientific theory. And we discuss the significance of that distinction. Finally, by focusing on contemporary particle physics, we raise the question: since there is no general accepted unification of the parts of the standard model (namely, QED and QCD), we have no theory, in the usual sense of the term. This poses a difficulty: if there is no theory, how can we speak of its models? What are the latter models of? We conclude by noting that it is unclear that the semantic view can be applied to contemporary physical theories. (shrink)